The Itelmen, also known as Kamchadal, are an ethnic group who are the original inhabitants living on the Kamchatka peninsula in Russia.
The Itelmen had a substantial hunter-gatherer and fishing society with up to fifty thousand natives inhabiting the peninsula before they were decimated by the Cossack conquest in the eighteenth century.
Their population today is about 1500. Their name is a Russian-adapted pronunciation of the ethnically correct 'itenme'n' which means 'an inhabitant of dry land, a human being.'
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