Inflation is an economic condition characterized by an increase in prices and wages, and declining purchasing power. Inflation is usually measured by changes in the Consumer Price Index. Inflation is a monetary phenomenon. It occurs when there is too much money in circulation relative to the production of actual goods and services.
Often governments respond by printing more money with ever higher denominations. Many countries had at one time or another gone through periods of hyperinflation when their paper money became practically worthless. This site lists hyperinflation banknotes with denominations of one million and higher.
Pictured here is a German banknote from 1923 with a denomination of 'Einhundert Billionen Mark,' or 100 billion German marks.
(thanks Peter)
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